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15.5.1. Performing a Rolling Restart of the Cluster

This section discusses how to perform a rolling restart of a MySQL Cluster installation, so called because it involves stopping and starting (or restarting) each node in turn, so that the cluster itself remains operational. This is often done as part of a rolling upgrade or rolling downgrade, where high availability of the cluster is mandatory and no downtime of the cluster as a whole is permissible. Where we refer to upgrades, the information provided here also generally applies to downgrades as well.

There are a number of reasons why a rolling restart might be desirable:

  • Cluster Configuration Change: To make a change in the cluster's configuration, such as adding an SQL node to the cluster, or setting a configuration parameter to a new value.

  • Cluster Software Upgrade/Downgrade: To upgrade the cluster to a newer version of the MySQL Cluster software (or to downgrade it to an older version). This is usually referred to as a “rolling upgrade” (or “rolling downgrade”, when reverting to an older version of MySQL Cluster).

  • Change on Node Host: To make changes in the hardware or operating system on which one or more cluster nodes are running

  • Cluster Reset: To reset the cluster because it has reached an undesirable state

  • Freeing of Resources: To allow memory allocated to a table by successive INSERT and DELETE operations to be freed for re-use by other Cluster tables

The process for performing a rolling restart may be generalised as follows:

  1. Stop all cluster management nodes (ndb_mgmd processes), reconfigure them, then restart them

  2. Stop, reconfigure, then restart each cluster data node (ndbd process) in turn

  3. Stop, reconfigure, then restart each cluster SQL node (mysqld process) in turn

The specifics for implementing a particular rolling upgrade depend upon the actual changes being made. A more detailed view of the process is presented here:

MySQL Cluster Rolling Restarts (By Type)

In the previous diagram, Stop and Start steps indicate that the process must be stopped completely using a shell command (such as kill on most Unix systems) or the management client STOP command, then started again from a system shell by invoking the ndbd or ndb_mgmd executable as appropriate. Restart indicates the process may be restarted using the ndb_mgm management client RESTART command.

Important

When performing an upgrade or downgrade of the cluster software, you must upgrade or downgrade the management nodes first, then the data nodes, and finally the SQL nodes. Doing so in any other order may leave the cluster in an unusable state.